There is still no cure for cerebellar atrophy. However, with the development of bioscience and medicine, there comes a new and promise treatment for cerebellar atrophy, that is, stem cell transplantation. By transplanting healthy and vigorous stem cells into the patient’s body, these cells will filter into the patient’s brain via Blood Brain Barrier, differentiate into nerve cells, migrate to the injured area, and repair the damaged and atrophic area in the brain. Thus the whole body will be able to function again.

There are many advantages of stem cell treatment.
1.Address both the symptoms and root causes. Traditional therapy tend to improve the symptoms only,while stem cell transplantation can repair, replace and reconstructe the damaged cells, so this is a basic treatment.
Applicable in a wide range: including nervous system diseases, autoimmune diseases, digestive diseases, etc., providing new hope to many “incurable” diseases.3.Safe treatment, no toxic side effects: After a number of toxicity, genetics, local irritation, fever, and immune toxicity test, researches show that stem cells are the safest treatment without any toxic side effects.4.Short course, quick: patients receiving Stem Cell Biology transplantation only need to hospital one day earlier for observation, and it does not affect the normal life and work.5.The process is safe and painless: Stem Cell Biology transplantation is mostly done via lumbar spinal puncture(similar to the process of injection). There is no need for surgery.

Efficacy of autogenous stem cell in health maintenance
Ensure a better mood.
Improve the body’s immunity.
Strengthen and restore memory.
Improve sleep quality, and keep vitality.
Postpone menopause, anti-aging.
Restore sexual function.
Improve facial appearance.
Better bowel function.
Reduce trichomadesis.
Improve patients with such conditions:Diabetes, stroke sequela,arterial sclerosis,osteoporosis,falling eyesight,poor digestive function,etc.

干细胞治疗糖尿病的优势 II. Advantages of Stem Cells Treating DM

1、间充质干细胞具有高度增值和多向分化的潜能，无疑是获得大量胰岛样细胞的最佳种子细胞，能极大的解决胰岛细胞来源不足的问题。 1.Mesenchymal stem cells have the potential of high proliferation and multi-directional differentiation. They are undoubtedly the best seed cells to culture large amount of islet-like cells, and can solve the inadequacy of islet cells to a great extent. 2、可以发挥对血糖的生理性调节作用。 2.They conduct physiological regulation for blood sugor. 3、显著改善糖尿病足、下肢血管病变、快速促进溃疡面愈合。 3. They can Significantly improve diabetic foot, lower extremity vascular diseases, and promote ulcer healing rapidly. 4、单纯的Ⅰ-型糖尿病，用干细胞治疗需要2—3个疗程，一个疗程18天。 4. For DM 1, we suggest 2-3 courses of stem cell treatment(18 days per course). 5、疗效：有效96%显效87%临床治愈86%以上，无效占13%。 4. Efficacy: Effective rate is 96% with 87% significant efficacy. Clinical cure rate is 86%, and invalid rate is 13%. 干细胞治疗糖尿病方式 介入治疗，通过胰动脉直接注入胰腺。 2、静脉回输，直接通过静脉输液方式进行，胰岛干细胞通过“归巢性”自行到达胰腺，促进β细胞再生。从而达到治疗效果。 III. Method of Stem Cell Treatment for DM 1. Intervention treatment, injecting directly into the pancreas through the pancreatic artery. 2. Intravenous re-infusion, injecting via intravenous infusion. Islet stem cells will reach the pancreas through “homing”, promotingβ-cell regeneration,so as to achieve a therapeutic effect. 化验：血RT 尿RT 大便RT Laboratory test: Blood RT urine RT Stool RT 糖化血红蛋白测定 空腹血糖 餐后2小时血糖 空腹C肽 空腹胰岛素测定 Determination of glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar, 2-hour postprandial blood sugar,fasting C-peptide,fasting insulin 胰岛素抗体 血粘稠度测定 血脂分析 尿微量蛋白测定 肝功能全项测定 Insulin antibody blood viscosity determination lipidanalysis urinary micro-albumin determination liver function determination 肾功测定 睾丸酮测定 尿量测定 胰淀粉酶测定 Renal function determination testosterone determination urine determination pancreatic amylase determination B超：重复验查：胰头、胰体、胰尾各部位的正常值 测定肝脏外观形象，以及内脂肪在肝脏沉积情况，脂肪肝达到什么程度，观察胰脏 的体积大小，肾脏外观形态，有无缩小等。 B ultrosonic: repeatedly check the following items: head, body and tail of the pancreas’s normal valueDetermination of liver appearance and image, and the situation of fat deposition in liver, the severity of fatty liver, the volume of pancreas, kidney morphology and volume 入院后，经化验提示的指标，判断治疗预后治疗效果。 Upon admission,based on above test results, we will give evaluation on prognostic and therapeutic results.

The ability to differentiate is the potential to develop into other cell types. A totipotent stem cell (e.g. fertilized egg) can develop into all cell types including the embryonic membranes. A pleuripotent stem cell can develop into cells from all three germinal layers (e.g cells from the inner cell mass). Other cells can be oligopotent, bipotent or unipotent depending on their ability to develop into few, two or one other cell types.

Self-regeneration is the ability of stem cells to divide and produce more stem cells. During early development, the cell division is symmetrical i.e. each cell divides to gives rise to daughter cells each with the same potential. Later in development, the cell divides asymmetrically with one of the daughter cells produced also a stem cell and the other a more differentiated cell.

The Key Features of NSCs:
1)Self-renewable: Self-proliferation and self renew is the basic property of NSCs. NSCs could divide by asymmetric and symmetric division to maintain the stability of cell bank.
2)Multi-directional differentiation: NSCs could differentiate into neurons, astroglia and oligodendroglial cells.
3)Low immunogenicity: NSCs are a kind of preliminary cells that do not come to end differentiation. They do not express the antigen of mature neurocytes, thus could not be identified by the immune system.
4)Well tissue compatibility: a number of animal experiments confirmed that NSCs showed good tissue compatibility with the host nerve tissues, and could survive for a long time.

NSCs have an important role during development producing the enormous diversity of neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the developing CNS. They are able to regenerate damaged and diseased organs.

Notably the role of NSCs during diseases is now being elucidated by several research groups around the world. The responses during stroke, multiple sclerosis, parkinson’s disease in humans and in model of these diseases is part of the current investigation. The results of this ongoing investigation may have future applications to treat human neurological diseases.

Neural stem cells have been shown to engage in migration and replacement of dying neurons in classical experiments. The treatable disease with neural stem cell is shown in the bellowing picture.

Hear is a brief introduction of the treatable diseases:

1.Cerebellar Atrophy

Cerebellar Atrophy is a genetic neurological disease. It develops when the neurons known as Purkinje cells located in the cerebellum of the brain, begin to die off. These cells affect balance and coordination. They have a critical role to play in the brain. The Purkinje laver allows communication between the granular and molecular cortical lavers in the cerebellum. Put simply, without Purkinje cells, an animal loses its sense of space and distance, making balance and coordination difficult.

NSC transplantation is a strong candidate for cerebral atrophy.These injected NSCs will filter into the patient’s brain via Blood Brain Barrier, differentiate into nerve cells, migrate to the injured area, and repair the damaged and atrophic area in the brain.
2.Spinal cord injury(SCI)

Spinal Cord Injury is an injury to the spinal cord that results in paralysis and loss of sensation. It causes myelopathy or damage to white matter or myelinated fiber tracts that carry signals to and from the brain. Also, it could damage the gray matter in the central part of the cord, triggering segmental losses of interneurons and motor neurons.
Considering their characteristic abilities to self-renew and differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in the body, the therapeutic promise of neural stem cells is justied, and many clinical cases have proved that neural stem cells could be used for replacement of neural cell loss for spinal cord injury. Neurons can survive and integrate after injection in the patient’s body. Oligodendrocytes were able to myelinate axons, which was a compensation for the demyelination caused in the spinal cord injury.
3.Motor neurone diseases(MND)

Motor Neuron Diseases) (MND) are a group of neurological disorders that selectively affect motor neurons, the cells that control voluntary muscle activity including speaking, walking, breathing, swallowing and general movement of the body.

Neural Stem Cell(NSC) transplantation is the best therapy for motor neuron disease(MND) at present. The injected stem cells would be grown to produce the particular nerve cells that are lost due to MND, which would then be grafted into the nervous system to repair it.

4.Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Alzheimer’s disease, senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer’s type, or simply Alzheimer’s, is the most common form of dementia. This incurable, degenerative, and terminal disease was first described by German psychiatrist and neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906 and was named after him. Most often, it is diagnosed in people over 65 years of age, although the less-prevalent early-onset Alzheimer’s can occur much earlier. In 2006, there were 26.6 million sufferers worldwide. Alzheimer’s is predicted to affect 1 in 85 people globally by 2050.

5.Cerebral Palsy(CP)

Cerebral palsy (CP)is an umbrella term encompassing a group of non-progressive, non-contagious motor conditions that cause physical disability in human development, chiefly in the various areas of body movement. Cerebral palsy’s nature as an umbrella term means it is defined mostly via several different subtypes, especially spastic, and also mixtures of those subtypes. Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the motor control centers of the developing brain and can occur during pregnancy, during childbirth or after birth up to about age three. Resulting limits in movement and posture cause activity limitation and are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, depth perception and other sight-based perceptual problems, communication ability, and sometimes even cognition; sometimes a form of CP may be accompanied by epilepsy. CP, no matter what the type, is often accompanied by secondary musculoskeletal problems that arise as a result of the underlying etiology.

6.Multiple system atrophy (MSA) Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a degenerative neurological disorder. Multiple system atrophy is associated with the degeneration of nerve cells in specific areas of the brain. This cell degeneration causes problems with movement, balance and autonomic functions of the body such as bladder control. The cause of multiple system atrophy is unknown and no specific risk factors have been identified except for saxitoxin produced by the dinoflagellates. Around 55% of cases occur in men, with typical age of onset in the late 50s to early 60s.

7.Parkinson’s disease (PD) Parkinson disease or PD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that often impairs the individual’s motor skills, speech and other functions.
The Clinical Features of Parkinson’s Disease. Previous report had showed that transplanted neural stem cells could survive, migrate and induce behavioral recovery of Parkinson symptoms, which were directly related to reduced dopamine levels in the nigrostriatal system. After transplantation, neural stem cells could provide neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic and neurogenic factors to the brain, thereby creating a reparative, homeostatic microenvironment in vivo.

8.Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Multiple sclerosis,also known as disseminated sclerosis or encephalomyelitis disseminata) is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune response attacks a person’s central nervous system though the blood-brain barrier breakdown, leading to demyelination. Multiple Sclerosis affects the ability of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord to communicate with each other. Nerve cells communicate by sending electrical signals called action potentials down long fibers called axons, which are wrapped in an insulating substance called myelin. In Multiple Sclerosis, the body’s own immune system attacks and damages the myelin.

By Mingyi Hua

Introduction of the Lecturer

Mingyi Hua, M.D. Of Traditional Medicine in American Academy of Medical Science, Guest Professor of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chief Physician, Graduate of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Researcher of the Academic Board in China’s Science Institute,President of DM Institute of Shandong Research Center for Life and Technology, Manager Director of Chinese Acupuncture Association. He has published over 30 thesis, and 11 professional articles ,such as New Conception for the Treatment of DM, and Health Maintenance Abstract for Modern and Ancient China. He possesses two patents, which include Fast Therapy Machine for DM.

New Therapy Method for DM I &II

By Mingyi Hua

Hello to all of you sitting in front of TV.

My topic today is new therapy method for DM I&II.

Firstly, I’d like to introduce to you the traditional method for treating DM I&II. Only through comparison can we learn about the benifits of the new treating method. In the old days we mainly rely on taking Insulin, OHA for DM I&II patients. These antidiabetic drugs, like metformin, glyburide,phenformin, bring side effects to many patients in the treating process. These drugs mainly stimulate Pancreatic B cells to adjust the content of blood sugar. This can only temporarily reduce blood sugar, rather than improve its function from the basis. In our long years of research and experiment, we find that to treat DM, we must first find the exact cause of the disease for each patient. That’s very much like police catching a chief. The policeman must have certain clue to catch the thief. As long as we find the cause for the disease and suit the remedy to the case, we will soon adjust our DM patient’s blood pressure to normal. For example, there is currently no record for helicobacter pylori(HP)-caused Diabetes in our books. If this type of diabetes occur, it usually strikes the whole family. Though unaccessible from any textbooks, HP can surely lead to Diabetes according to our long-time observation and clinical practice.

helicobacter pylori(HP)-caused anabrosis

helicobacter pylori(HP)

We get the conclusion from observing our DM patients in two groups. One is given anti-diabetic drugs, the other intervention treatment. The second group of patients receive anti-becterial treatment with WEISANLIAN. The content of the blood sugar of the first group patients do not change much, while that of the second group patients witness a big decline. According to our experiment, we find more than 60% of diabetes are caused by HP, while the other causes only count for less than 40%. Finding the exact cause of diabetes and suiting the remedy to the case will be the best method for treating DM I&II. In our old practice for treating diabetes, we only prescribed anti-diabetic drugs to patients without intervention treatment, so the effect was not satisfactory enough. Our patients tried for one drug to another, yet to no avail. That is because we did not find the exact cause of the disease. To ensure the best effect possible, we must first find the exact cause of the disease foe individual patient.

Now I ‘d like to introduce to you our WULIAN THERAPY in clinical practice. WULIAN THERAPYis invented by Dr. Hua Mingyi who summarized the experience of the treatment both home and abroad. After nearly 30 years of painstaking research and repeated clinical validation, WULIAN THERAPY is invented.

The method has some obvious advantages in treating diabetes and complications, such as being quick , short course, no obvious side effects, avoiding the formation of complications. Moreover, the treatment has won the international gold medal on the Fifth International Diabetes Conference, and was identified as green treatment.

What is WULIAN THERAPY? It can be compared to the relationship between the monarch and his subjects. If only they can cooperate with each other in a war can they win. Although this kind of method sounds to be old-fashioned, it is very convenient and rather effective in treating diabetes.

Similarly, in treating diabetes we can use modern treatment machine – Diabetes Treatment Machine which mainly improves pancreatic В cells – cells change in interstitial fluid.

Diabetes Treatment Machine

Why could diabetes treatment machine change cells-cells interstifial fluid? Because this diabetes treatment machine can carry some Chinese medicine by using electric waves and temperature control. Since the treatment has its own heat and power source, it can rapidly improve pancreatic В cells the viscosity of interstitial fluid by putting the heat into the body through the waves at some particular acupuncture point.

In the past we used to use this hypoglycemic agents or insulin, this kind of treatment can not change the interstitial fluid of the pancreas cells. Why should we say so? There is some First-pass effect in using drugs. Fast-pass effect means that there is little left for the sick part after the absorption of the gastrointestinal and the excretion of the liver. However, our modern medical equipment can directly work on the lesion site through ultrasonic wave and make some parts has some rapid improvements. This is one of the first combination therapy Post-processing of the causes are needed if you want to maintain the low blood sugar after long-time declining by using the machine.

Such as high cholesterol causes of high blood viscosity, if we do not improve the lipid viscosity and blood viscosity, then the В cells would be input into the artery of this small, as a result , changes would occur in traffic, which means that the occurrence of micro-circulation changes.The changes in microcirculation, only adopting some lipid-lowering drugs and regulation of blood viscosity could we improve the problem of drug.Therefore, we must do some post-intervention during the course of the treatment of diabetes, in order to maintain long-term effectivity.

The so-called intervention is to treat the causes.

Secondly, application therapy is adopted on an acupuncture point, – the navel, which is called the Shenque point in ancient China, to cure DM. Why can it be effective? An example of this is the FIVE-O-FIVE archaeus belt, which worked like magic when curing some senile and chronic diseases several decades ago. After continuous research and improvement, we introduce a method of directing the ion of the medicine and the electricity directly into the diseased region through the navel by electric wave.

Why doing this? Because the navel is the center of the jingluo, or the main and collateral channels, which is regarded as network through which energy circulates in human’s bodies. The umbilical cord is the connect line between the navel and all the jingluo. And the navel is the opening of this line, by which the medicine ion can get into the body and reach every internal organs as well as the limbs and bones through the germ layer. The medicine can reach every part of the body through the germ layer wherever the blood can reach.To take the diabetes mellitus as an example, after applying the medicine on the navel, the medicine can first reach the pancreas and improve blood circulation and reduce blood viscosity. The laboratory diagnosis has proved that this method can help improving the No.4 genetic defect in dextrose translocation. Thus, it can help to amend the gene defect. But this goal can’t be accomplished within one or two days. Instead, the whole process will last 90 days. One piece of plaster must be applied on the navel each day and all toghther 90 days. Either of the failure of insisting the two process will lead to a failure in the amending of the gene defects.

Thirdly, I’d like to mention the curing of Diabetes by adopting immunotherapy. Why do I say so? Lots of clinical data and test results show that, 90% of the diabetics have the symptom of weakened immune system. The so-called weakened immune system means that the ability of immune system of a body declined, and it leads to the Diabetes. Therefore, if we want to let the patients recover quickly, we need to improve their immunizing power. A good many people always do not pay enough attention to that, they just try their best to lower blood sugar, but ignore to improve the immunizing power so that the patients can not get an overall recovery. Because only when the immunizing power of the body be improved, the blood sugar can be minimized to the normal level. So we suggest that during the process of curing, the patients must improve their immunizing power to get good results.

Fourthly, what we want to talk is curing Diabetes by adopting dialectical therapy which derives from traditional Chinese medical science. The so-called dialectical therapy is curing diabetes by dialectical methods. But there would be some mistakes during this procedure, for example, the medicine which got by the patients are not directed against their symptoms. Why would this happen? That’s because of the wrong description of the patients, namely they can not tell the doctors their symptoms correctly. Look, listen, question and feel the pulse are advocated by our traditional Chinese medical science, so we ask the patients must describe their symptoms correctly and timely. Then the doctors could adopt some appropriately dialectical ways to cure the patient and we believe that the results will be definitely satisfying.

Fifthly, I’d like to talk about some of the oral drugs prescribed to some of our DM patients. Very often, these drugs are not for blood sugar reduction, but for treating some gene-related problems. Take some of obese DM patients for example. They are huge, with high blood fat, high blood sugar, high blood pressure, and very often, adiposis hepatica. The cause for their diabetes may be one, or two or the combined result of several factors.

In our intervention process, we must deal with problems related to obesity and high blood fat and blood pressure. After all these are done shall we step on our blood sugar reduction road. Why should we deal with high blood fat in treating diabetes? Because liver is a very important place for glycogen metabolism. If you cannot clean it up, the sugar when in liver will develop into gluconeogenesis. Thus we have to treat adiposis hepatica first. If this main cause of Diabetes is solved, the blood sugar content can come back to normal. We can make a comparison of the fat by taking a B scan. Before the treatment, pay attention whether it is poisoned adiposis hepatica or heavy adiposis hepatica. Afer a course of treatment, pay attention whether heavy adiposis hepatica has turned to light adiposis hepatica. If so, it means the pathological mechanism is degenerative, and your blood sugar content will be back to normal gradually. In this process, we must solve the problems of sugar’s metabolism and adiposis hepatica. So I hope our patients can understand us if we prescribe some drugs that are not directly related to diabetes. Our treating method is called WULAIN THERAPY. It needs about 10 to 30 days to make your blood sugar stable and normal. Some people tend to ask me if I could give my word for curing their diabetes. It is hard to answer this question, cause can the very patient guarantee that he would do as told all the time. If the doctor tell you to keep from drinking alcohol, yet your frequently have to take some wine for one reason or the other, who is to blame? All kinds of wine contain ethanol, which will do harm not only to Pancreatic choline esterase , but also to the metabolism of sugar. And even a healthy person who is indulged in craputence will probably get diabetes, how can an old DM patients, paying no attention to his diet, become totally healthy again? However, if the DM patients pay great attention to his diet, they will keep fit. One doctor can only see around 10 patients per day, if the patient are not careful to his only diet, how can our therapy work the best?

Now I would devote my time talking about the latest progress made in treating DM, that is, neural stem cell (NSC)treatment. NSCs, or pluri-potent cells, can be divided into many type, like adult stem cells, human fetal cells, embryonic stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).

MSC

pancreatic stem cell

NSC

Different types of stem cells are specialized for treating different types of diseases. We use MSCs to treat diabetes with very best effort in clinical practice. Based on the past few years’ clinical practice, 90% of our DM patients receiving MSC treatment show improvement, and 87% show continuous improvement after discontinuance of the treatment. This is surely effective and encouraging.

Before MSC treatment, it’s better to clean the body’s inner environment first. If you have high blood fat, blood high viscosity, adiposis hepatica, or alcoholic liver, the effect of MSC treatment won’t be that obvious. If a farmer wants a good harvest, he has to plough, water, and fertilize the land beforehand. Otherwise, even if he’s got good seeds, he is unlikely to reap a good harvest. In this sense, we must improve the patients’ inner environment before conducting MSC treatment. Many people ask whether the matching treatment is needed or not before the transplantation of stem cells. The answer is no. Both our current research status and the clinical trial results support that. We adopt a different medium to improve stem cells. If hormone is taken as medium, a temporary increase probably happens in blood sugar after injection in the next morning and a decrease does steadily in the third and forth day.

Some other people wonder whether the side effects come along or not with the surgery of stem cell transplanted. I can guarantee the TV audience that there are absolutely no side effects. Please diabetes trusts that. Another problem needs our attention in the treatment of diabetes process, which is that we must avoid certain food no matter WuLian therapy or stem cells transplantation is employed. It can be specified that the lamb meat, dog meat, donkey meat and carp are forbidden. These things contain larger calories. The diabetes’ body is troubled by kidney-yin deficiency endogenous heat. Therefore their sugar blood will increase badly if the foods with large calories are taken. We can conclude that wine and large-calorie food are forbidden during the treatment. Besides that, the patients must strengthen exercise.

Do exercise regularly. You can do the exercise in the evening if you don’t have time in the morning. Because walking after meal is good to health. Walking does well to the patients. Furthermore, some other things need the attention of the patients. It’s healthful to eat coarse food grain, such as sorghum, oats, soybean, green bean and other legume plants like these. But the legume plants should be avoided or can be reduced, if renal failure is along with uremia. They can be eaten without the complicating disease, and also vegetables can be added, such as radish, Small rape, spinach, tofu, bean sprouts and so on. Try to eat less the food with quantity of starch, such as Lotus root and potato. All above needs the attention of the patients.

My sincerest hope is that all DM patients follow their doctors’ instructions, recover at an early time, and do his/her share of contribution to the family and society. Thank you!

Since its inception in March 2006, the European Federation of Spinal Cord Injury (European Federation Spinal Cord Injury – ESCIF) is committed to supporting and encouraging research on the LME. She has actively participated in the implementation of projects to gather information with its members and has worked with professionals and researchers specializing in LME European research efforts. The statutes of the ESCIF put forward the support of the federation for research that can improve the quality of life of people living with SCI but did not mention the research on functional recovery. In 2006, Europe, the possibility of a “treatment” against paralysis appeared to be a rather distant project.

Since then, however, neuroscience has made significant progress toward the treatment of paralysis, to the extent that functional recovery is now a realistic goal to some degree. Many promising research is currently in clinical trials worldwide, and still others are in preparation to pass the tests on humans. To promote these scientific advances and their application in humans, it is essential that there is support, funding and considerable infrastructure.

We, the ESCIF, representing hundreds of thousands of people living with SCI throughout Europe, strongly support research for regenerative spinal cord to help treat paralysis for those millions of people already infected and future.

Therefore, we urge member states of the Council of Europe, the European Union and the Member States of the European Union to support and invest in research for regenerative lesions of the spinal cord:

 Increasing funding for basic research, translational and clinical research on regenerative lesions of the spinal cord;

 Allowing a transfer within a period of promising research laboratories to patients with sufficient funding, efficient infrastructure and collaborative networks;

 Adopting regulations and legislation adapted for efficient translation in a timely and promising research without compromising patient safety and ethics

 Drawing up and implementing a Plan of Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury, for the treatment against the spinal cord a national and international priority.

Finally, it should be noted that research in the field of regenerative spinal cord also contribute to the search for other neurological diseases such as Multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s  disease..

Diseases can be classified according to their genetic transmission from parent to child.

Achondroplasia, Huntington’s chorea or St. Vitus’ Dance (6000 patients in France), myotonic dystrophy, muscular dystrophy, facio-scapulo-humeral (more than 2,500 people in France), oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy ( more common in Canada than in France), disease brittle bone, the von Hippel-Lindau (3 people per 100,000), Marfan syndrome (10 to 12,000 people living in France) or Gardner’s syndrome, genetic diseases are transmitted on a “autosomal dominant”.

Friedreich ataxia, SCD = sickle cell anemia (about a baby in 6000), disease of children of the moon = Xeroderma pigmentosum, Wilson’s disease, phenylketonuria, progeria are genetic diseases passed on a “autosomal recessive. ” Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease most common in Europe.

 Muscular dystrophy Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the fragile X syndrome, genetic diseases are transmitted on a “X-linked recessive.” Hemophilia A (a newborn male in 10,000 births) is the oldest genetic disease known, it is transmitted in this mode “X-linked recessive.” Albinism, X-linked disease can be transmitted over a recessive or dominant in the forms of albinism.
What does this mean?

A genetic disorder is autosomal gene linked to when the disease is located on a chromosome “autosome” (progeria chromosome 1, chromosome 3 for the von Hippel-Lindau, chromosome 4 for muscular dystrophy facio-scapulo-humeral chromosome 5 with Gardner’s syndrome and Sotos syndrome, chromosome 6 for hemochromatosis, cystic fibrosis to chromosome 7, chromosome 9 for Friedreich’s ataxia, chromosome 14 for oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, for chromosome 15 syndrome Marfan chromosome 19 for myotonic dystrophy …)

We say that a genetic disease is X-linked if the gene is located on the X sex chromosome

A genetic disease transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait implies a gene carried by a pair of autosomes, there may be several versions of this gene: each version is an allele. One allele is responsible for genetic disease, and only one of two chromosomes is this allele that the person is sick. When a parent is affected, it has an allele “disease” dominant M allele and a “healthy” recessive s. It has a risk of transmitting the allele 2 M and thus to have a sick child. If both parents are affected, everyone has the alleles M and S. In 3 / 4 cases, the child is sick (the father and mother passed M, M sends the father only, mother only sends M), and 1 / 4 of cases it will be in good health (both parents have transmitted the allele s).

A genetic disease transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait also implies a gene carried by a pair of autosomes, but it takes two chromosomes that carries the allele for the disease that the person is sick or it is masked by the allele “normal” and the person is healthy.

To a person has two alleles ‘disease’ m, it is necessary that both parents have the recessive allele on one of their chromosomes, one chromosome may have the allele “Health” dominating S: people with S allele and an allele m are in good health.

A genetic disease transmitted as recessive X-linked implies a gene carried by an X chromosome The disease affects differently the boys and girls: boys have only one X chromosome in each cell, transmitted by their mothers, while girls receive an X chromosome from each parent and each of their cells has therefore two X chromosomes

For boys, just as their X chromosome carries the allele “disease” to make them sick.

For girls, it is necessary that the two X chromosomes carries this allele to make them sick. If an X chromosome carries the allele “disease” allele and the other “health”, the girl will be healthy but has a 50% risk of transmitting the allele “disease” to her son if she has allele.

For some diseases, the three co-exist. For example in the case of muscular dystrophy Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy slowly progressive that begin in childhood or adolescence, two main modes of transmission are: X-linked recessive and autosomal dominant. There are also very rare autosomal recessive forms.

For this disease, it is necessary that both parents transmit the abnormality.
This disease is also called cerebellar atrophy by doctors in France.

“The gait ataxia of the extremities occurs between the second and fourth decade, the presence of cerebellar ataxia, which is characterized by dysarthria (difficulty articulating words) movements with an amplitude too large (the patient appears to be intoxicated) members tremors on one side during voluntary movements, corresponding to the reach half of the cerebellum an inability to perform rapid movements. The presence of an extrapyramidal syndrome characterized by: a Regular shaking that usually affects the ends of the upper limbs. We speak rather of movement fragmentation, accentuated when the patient is asked to focus, in particular by making a mental calculation. This tremor disappears when the patient performs movements in control of the will. parkinsonian akinesia: the neurological abnormality characterized by the scarcity of blinking of the eyelids associated with poorer mimicry.

In the parkinsonian syndrome, patients have a loss of arm swing when walking that s ‘performs slowly. hypertonia members qualified plastic and characterized by maintaining the position in which the member is placed after manipulation by the physician or the examiner. parkinsonian plastic hypertonia This must be differentiated from elastic hypertonia encountered in the pyramidal syndrome. Hypertonicity Parkinson is characterized by a predominance in the flexor muscles (biceps for example, is a flexor muscle: it allows to bring the palm of the hand to the shoulder). This tends to give the patient flexed attitude, leaning forward. difficulties in performing rapid alternating movements of an economy of gestures micrographic writing is (the patient trace lowercase letters) the words are expressed the same monotone in general, the stiffness will sell by a sudden mobilization of the limb. This makes the so-called phenomenon of gear. fasciculations of the tongue and face involuntary contractions of muscle bundles contained in a large muscle, in isolation compared to other bundles that neighborhood, they remain at rest. ophthalmoparesis A paralysis consisting of a slight decrease in opportunities for muscle contraction of the eyeball. ”

A drama was created in 2005 about the disease. This is the story of Aya Ikeuchi who gradually realizes his illness. One day she will fall head first at 100 meters from her house. From day to the parents of the girl 15 years know that it has the disease. Love, sadness and friendship in this drama: Ichi rittoru no namida, rather known as One Litter Of Tears. The soundtrack of this drama is incredibly touching grace Remioromen (Konayuki, 3 Gatsu 9 Ka) and K (Only Human).

It was created from a true story: “Ichi Rittoru No Namida”, written by Aya Kitou, who had the disease. “If I were a flower, I would be a bud.” She has the desire to succeed and tries to help his friend (e) s. Thinking it is actually clumsy, she began a contracted spinocerebellar atrophy (the same disease).

I takes you to read this book, even if it is not yet released in VF. It was published in VA (English) and VO (Japanese).

We say that a cerebellar atrophy is X-linked if the gene is located on the X sex chromosome

A cerebellar atrophy transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait implies a gene carried by a pair of autosomes, there may be several versions of this gene: each version is an allele. One allele is responsible for cerebellar atrophy, and only one of two chromosomes is this allele that the person is sick. When a parent is affected, it has an allele “disease” dominant M allele and a “healthy” recessive s. It has a risk of transmitting the allele 2 M and thus to have a sick child. If both parents are affected, everyone has the alleles M and S. In 3 / 4 cases, the child is sick (the father and mother passed M, M sends the father only, mother only sends M), and 1 / 4 of cases it will be in good health (both parents have transmitted the allele s).

A cerebellar atrophy transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait also implies a gene carried by a pair of autosomes, but it takes two chromosomes that carries the allele for the disease that the person is sick or it is masked by the allele “normal” and the person is healthy.

To a person has two alleles ‘disease’ m, it is necessary that both parents have the recessive allele on one of their chromosomes, one chromosome may have the allele “Health” dominating S: people with S allele and an allele m are in good health.

A cerebellar atrophy transmitted as recessive X-linked implies a gene carried by an X chromosome The disease affects differently the boys and girls: boys have only one X chromosome in each cell, transmitted by their mothers, while girls receive an X chromosome from each parent and each of their cells has therefore two X chromosomes

For boys, just as their X chromosome carries the allele “disease” to make them sick.

For girls, it is necessary that the two X chromosomes carries this allele to make them sick. If an X chromosome carries the allele “disease” allele and the other “health”, the girl will be healthy but has a 50% risk of transmitting the allele “disease” to her son if she has a .

For some diseases, the three co-exist. For example in the case of muscular dystrophy Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy slowly progressive that begin in childhood or adolescence, two main modes of transmission are: X-linked recessive and autosomal dominant. There are also very rare autosomal recessive forms.
What does this mean?

A genetic disorder is autosomal gene linked to when the disease is located on a chromosome “autosome” (progeria chromosome 1, chromosome 3 for the von Hippel-Lindau, chromosome 4 for muscular dystrophy facio-scapulo-humeral chromosome 5 with Gardner’s syndrome and Sotos syndrome, chromosome 6 for hemochromatosis, cystic fibrosis to chromosome 7, chromosome 9 for Friedreich’s ataxia, chromosome 14 for oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, for chromosome 15 syndrome Marfan chromosome 19 for myotonic dystrophy …)

We say that a genetic disease is X-linked if the gene is located on the X sex chromosome

A genetic disease transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait implies a gene carried by a pair of autosomes, there may be several versions of this gene: each version is an allele. One allele is responsible for genetic disease, and only one of two chromosomes is this allele that the person is sick. When a parent is affected, it has an allele “disease” dominant M allele and a “healthy” recessive s. It has a risk of transmitting the allele 2 M and thus to have a sick child. If both parents are affected, everyone has the alleles M and S. In 3 / 4 cases, the child is sick (the father and mother passed M, M sends the father only, mother only sends M), and 1 / 4 of cases it will be in good health (both parents have transmitted the allele s).

A genetic disease transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait also implies a gene carried by a pair of autosomes, but it takes two chromosomes that carries the allele for the disease that the person is sick or it is masked by the allele “normal” and the person is healthy.

To a person has two alleles ‘disease’ m, it is necessary that both parents have the recessive allele on one of their chromosomes, one chromosome may have the allele “Health” dominating S: people with S allele and an allele m are in good health.

A genetic disease transmitted as recessive X-linked implies a gene carried by an X chromosome The disease affects differently the boys and girls: boys have only one X chromosome in each cell, transmitted by their mothers, while girls receive an X chromosome from each parent and each of their cells has therefore two X chromosomes

For boys, just as their X chromosome carries the allele “disease” to make them sick.

For girls, it is necessary that the two X chromosomes carries this allele to make them sick. If an X chromosome carries the allele “disease” allele and the other “health”, the girl will be healthy but has a 50% risk of transmitting the allele “disease” to her son if she has a .

For some diseases, the three co-exist. For example in the case of muscular dystrophy Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy slowly progressive that begin in childhood or adolescence, two main modes of transmission are: X-linked recessive and autosomal dominant. There are also very rare autosomal recessive forms.

From: Stem cell treatment